Vidura Neethi - Udyoga Parvam Chapter 40 - Marathi

॥ इति श्रीमाहाभारते उद्योगपर्वणि प्रजागरपर्वणि विदुरवाक्ये चत्वारिंशोऽध्यायः ॥
विदुर उवाच ।
योऽभ्यर्थितः सद्भिरसज्जमानः
करोत्यर्थं शक्तिमहापयित्वा ।
क्षिप्रं यशस्तं समुपैति संतमलं
प्रसन्ना हि सुखाय संतः ॥ 1॥

Fame comes to him without delay who is respected by the virtuous and whope performs his work or duties without any attatchment to his results thereof and without wasting his energy. The virtuous who are pleassed are very capable of bestowing happiness.

महांतमप्यर्थमधर्मयुक्तं
यः संत्यजत्यनुपाक्रुष्ट एव ।
सुखं स दुःखान्यवमुच्य शेते
जीर्णां त्वचं सर्प इवावमुच्य ॥ 2॥

Like unto a snake that has cast off its slough, he remains happy bereft of all misery, who, without in the least being attracted, discards even a great object, it is blended with unrighteousness.

अनृतं च समुत्कर्षे राजगामि च पैशुनम् ।
गुरोश्चालीक निर्बंधः समानि ब्रह्महत्यया ॥ 3॥

Excellence acquired through falsehood, maliginity towards the king and ostinacy in false assertions before a preceptor, these are equal to the sin of slaying a brahmin.

असूयैक पदं मृत्युरतिवादः श्रियो वधः ।
अशुश्रूषा त्वरा श्लाघा विद्यायाः शत्रवस्त्रयः ॥ 4॥

Envy is tantamount to death. Harsh or abusive language is the death-knell to prosperity. Want of attention to the preceptor, haste and boastfulness are the three enemies of learning.

सुखार्थिनः कुतो विद्या नास्ति विद्यार्थिनः सुखम् ।
सुखार्थी वा त्यजेद्विद्यां विद्यार्थी वा सुखं त्यजेत् ॥ 5॥

Idleness, pride and confusion of intellect, unsteadiness, assembling together for vain discourse, obstinacy, self-conceitedness and selfishness - these are known as the seven besetting sins of students.

नाग्निस्तृप्यति काष्ठानां नापगानां महोदधिः ।
नांतकः सर्वभूतानां न पुंसां वामलोचना ॥ 6॥

Fire is never satiated with fuel, nor the ocean with rivers. God of death is never satisfied with with all the creatures, nor a beautiful woman with mean.

आशा धृतिं हंति समृद्धिमंतकः
क्रोधः श्रियं हंति यशः कदर्यता ।
अपालनं हंति पशूंश्च राजन्न्
एकः क्रुद्धो ब्राह्मणो हंति राष्ट्रम् ॥ 7॥

Desire destroys self-command; the God of death destroys development; anger destroys prosperity; miserliness kills fame. Carelessness in looking after cows kills them. Oh King! One angry brahman is capable of destroying the whole kingdom.

अजश्च कांस्यं च रथश्च नित्यं
मध्वाकर्षः शकुनिः श्रोत्रियश् च ।
वृद्धो ज्ञातिरवसन्नो वयस्य
एतानि ते संतु गृहे सदैव ॥ 8॥

Let these be kept in your house always, goatss, bell-metal, silver, honey, medicines that suck up poison, birds, brahmins versed in the scriptues, kingsmen aged, and the nobleborn in distress.

अजोक्षा चंदनं वीणा आदर्शो मधुसर्पिषी ।
विषमौदुंबरं शंखः स्वर्णं नाभिश्च रोचना ॥ 9॥

Oh Bharata! Manu has said that the following objects which are auspicious should be kept in the house for the sake of worshipping gods,brahmins and guests; goats, bulls, sandal, lyre, mirror, honey, clarified butter, iron, copper, conch-chell, the Salagram stone and the yellow pigment gorochona.

गृहे स्थापयितव्यानि धन्यानि मनुरब्रवीत् ।
देव ब्राह्मण पूजार्थमतिथीनां च भारत ॥ 10॥
इदं च त्वां सर्वपरं ब्रवीमि
पुण्यं पदं तात महाविशिष्टम् ।
न जातु कामान्न भयान्न लोभाद्
धर्मं त्यजेज्जीवितस्यापि हेतोः ॥ 11॥

I shall tell you Sire another matter, which is highly remarkable, meritorious and most excellent of all. Even for the sake of one's very life, one should never discard virtue out of desire, fear, or covetousness.

नित्यो धर्मः सुखदुःखे त्वनित्ये
नित्यो जीवो धातुरस्य त्वनित्यः ।
त्यक्त्वानित्यं प्रतितिष्ठस्व नित्ये
संतुष्य त्वं तोष परो हि लाभः ॥ 12॥

Virtue is eternal; pleasure and pain are but transitory. Life is eternal, but the instruments of it are transitory, stick up to the eternal and be content. The virtuous indeed are soley devoted to contententment.

महाबलान्पश्य मनानुभावान्
प्रशास्य भूमिं धनधान्य पूर्णाम् ।
राज्यानि हित्वा विपुलांश्च भोगान्
गतान्नरेंद्रान्वशमंतकस्य ॥ 13॥

Behold the highly mighty and magnanimous monarchs whom, after ruling the earth abounding in wealth and corn for a while, have fallen victims to the God of Destruction, giving up all their kingdoms and extensive enjoyments.

मृतं पुत्रं दुःखपुष्टं मनुष्या
उत्क्षिप्य राजन्स्वगृहान्निर्हरंति ।
तं मुक्तकेशाः करुणं रुदंतश्
चितामध्ये काष्ठमिव क्षिपंति ॥ 14॥

When a son brought up with great care and under great strain is dead, people, Oh king! Lift up the dead body and remove it from the house to the burial ground. They lament over it piteously with dishevelled hair and throw it like another piece of wood into the middle of the funeral pyre.

अन्यो धनं प्रेतगतस्य भुंक्ते
वयांसि चाग्निश्च शरीरधातून् ।
द्वाभ्यामयं सह गच्छत्यमुत्र
पुण्येन पापेन च वेष्ट्यमानः ॥ 15॥

Another enjoys the wealth of the deceased; the birds and fire consume the elements of the body. Accompanied by two, his meritss and demerits, he proceeds to the other world.

उत्सृज्य विनिवर्तंते ज्ञातयः सुहृदः सुताः ।
अग्नौ प्रास्तं तु पुरुषं कर्मान्वेति स्वयं कृतम् ॥ 16॥

Throwing away the dead bodym his kisnmen, friends and sons return home like birds, O sire, that abandon the tress bereft of blossoms and fruits.

अस्माल्लोकादूर्ध्वममुष्य चाधो
महत्तमस्तिष्ठति ह्यंधकारम् ।
तद्वै महामोहनमिंद्रियाणां
बुध्यस्व मा त्वां प्रलभेत राजन् ॥ 17॥

The deeds done by himself accompany the man thrown into the funeral fire. Therefore a man should at any cost store up virtue by slow degrees.

इदं वचः शक्ष्यसि चेद्यथावन्
निशम्य सर्वं प्रतिपत्तुमेवम् ।
यशः परं प्राप्स्यसि जीवलोके
भयं न चामुत्र न चेह तेऽस्ति ॥ 18॥

If, after having heard all these wotds of mine, you will be able to act up to them in the real spirit, you will reach greate fame in this world and will have nothing to be afraid of, either here or in the world here-after.

आत्मा नदी भारत पुण्यतीर्था
सत्योदका धृतिकूला दमोर्मिः ।
तस्यां स्नातः पूयते पुण्यकर्मा
पुण्यो ह्यात्मा नित्यमंभोऽंभ एव ॥ 19॥

Oh Bharata ! The soul is said to be ariver whose bathing ghat is a religious merit, whose waters are truth, whose banks, self-possesion or control and whose waves pity. He who bathes in it is purified and becomes meritorious. For the soul is sacred, and what is supreme merit is verily absence of desire.

कामक्रोधग्राहवतीं पंचेंद्रिय जलां नदीम् ।
कृत्वा धृतिमयीं नावं जन्म दुर्गाणि संतर ॥ 20॥

Using the boat of self-command across the circular movements of the cycle of births in the river of existence of the water of the five senses infested with the crocodiles of desire and anger.

प्रज्ञा वृद्धं धर्मवृद्धं स्वबंधुं
विद्या वृद्धं वयसा चापि वृद्धम् ।
कार्याकार्ये पूजयित्वा प्रसाद्य
यः संपृच्छेन्न स मुह्येत्कदा चित् ॥ 21॥

Honouring and winning the grace of one's kinsman who is advanced in wisdom, virtue, learning and age, he, who consults with him as to what ought to be done and what not, will never err.

धृत्या शिश्नोदरं रक्षेत्पाणिपादं च चक्षुषा ।
चक्षुः श्रोत्रे च मनसा मनो वाचं च कर्मणा ॥ 22॥

One should keep under control one's organ of generation and stomach with the aid of fortitude; hands and feet with that of the eye; eyes and ears, with that of the mind; mind and speech, with that of deeds.

नित्योदकी नित्ययज्ञोपवीती
नित्यस्वाध्यायी पतितान्न वर्जी ।
ऋतं ब्रुवन्गुरवे कर्म कुर्वन्
न ब्राह्मणश्च्यवते ब्रह्मलोकात् ॥ 23॥

The brahmin who performs his daily ablutions, always wears his sacred thread, recites the Vedas daily, avoids food made by outcasts, speaks truth and performs deeds in the honor of his preceptor, he never falls off from the world of Brahma.
अधीत्य वेदान्परिसंस्तीर्य चाग्नीन्
इष्ट्वा यज्ञैः पालयित्वा प्रजाश् च ।
गोब्राह्मणार्थे शस्त्रपूतांतरात्मा
हतः संग्रामे क्षत्रियः स्वर्गमेति ॥ 24॥

After studying the Vedas, consecrating the sacrificial fires, performing sacrifices, and protecting the subjects and with a soul purified by taking to arms to protect cows and brahmins, and facing death in the battlefield, a Kshatriya attains heaven.

वैश्योऽधीत्य ब्राह्मणान्क्षत्रियांश् च
धनैः काले संविभज्याश्रितांश् च ।
त्रेता पूतं धूममाघ्राय पुण्यं
प्रेत्य स्वर्गे देव सुखानि भुंक्ते ॥ 25॥

After studying the Vedas, and distributing his wealth on proper occasions among brahmins, kshatriyas and his dependents, having smelt the smoke of the three fires, a Vaisya enjoys after death eternal happiness in heaven.

ब्रह्मक्षत्रं वैश्य वर्णं च शूद्रः
क्रमेणैतान्न्यायतः पूजयानः ।
तुष्टेष्वेतेष्वव्यथो दग्धपापस्
त्यक्त्वा देहं स्वर्गसुखानि भुंक्ते ॥ 26॥

After properly worshipping the Brahmins, the Kshatriyas and Vaisyas and burning his sins, a Sudra faces death with satisfaction of doing his duty, and comes by heavenly enjoyments.

चातुर्वर्ण्यस्यैष धर्मस्तवोक्तो
हेतुं चात्र ब्रुवतो मे निबोध ।
क्षात्राद्धर्माद्धीयते पांडुपुत्रस्
तं त्वं राजन्राजधर्मे नियुंक्ष्व ॥ 27॥

The duties of the four castes have been described to you. Learn from me the reason thereof as I proceed. Yudhishtira is falling off from his duty as a Kshatriya. Install him, Oh king! To discharge the duty of the king.

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
एवमेतद्यथा मां त्वमनुशासति नित्यदा ।
ममापि च मतिः सौम्य भवत्येवं यथात्थ माम् ॥ 28॥

It is exactly so as you advise me constantly. Oh gentle one, my mind is also inclined to what you have advised me.

सा तु बुद्दिः कृताप्येवं पांडवान्रप्ति मे सदा ।
दुर्योधनं समासाद्य पुनर्विपरिवर्तते ॥ 29॥

Although my mind is always inclined thus towards the Pandavas, yet on coming into contact with Duryodhana, it turns to the contrary.

न दिष्टमभ्यतिक्रांतुं शक्यं मर्त्येन केन चित् ।
दिष्टमेव कृतं मन्ये पौरुषं तु निरर्थकम् ॥ 30॥

None whatsoever is able to transgress Fate. Fate alone, I think, is certain to prevail while human effort is of no avail.

॥ इति श्रीमाहाभारते उद्योगपर्वणि प्रजागरपर्वणि विदुरवाक्ये चत्वारिंशोऽध्यायः ॥ 40॥
इति विदुर नीति समाप्ता ॥

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