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മുംഡക ഉപനിഷദ് - പ്രഥമ മുംഡക, പ്രഥമ കാംഡഃ ഓം ഭ@ദ്രം കര്ണേ#ഭിഃ ശൃണു@യാമ# ദേവാഃ । ഭ@ദ്രം പ#ശ്യേമാ@ക്ഷഭി@-ര്യജ#ത്രാഃ । സ്ഥി@രൈരംഗൈ$സ്തുഷ്ടു@വാഗം സ#സ്ത@നൂഭി#ഃ । വ്യശേ#മ ദേ@വഹി#ത@ം യദായു#ഃ । സ്വ@സ്തി ന@ ഇംദ്രോ# വൃ@ദ്ധശ്ര#വാഃ । സ്വ@സ്തി ന#ഃ പൂ@ഷാ വി@ശ്വവേ#ദാഃ । സ്വ@സ്തി ന@സ്താര്ക്ഷ്യോ@ അരി#ഷ്ടനേമിഃ । സ്വ@സ്തി നോ@ ബൃഹ@സ്പതി#-ര്ദധാതു ॥ ॥ ഓം ബ്രഹ്മണേ നമഃ ॥ Lesson1 : Brahmavidya (Supreme Knowledge) is passed on from teacher to disciple ॥ പ്രഥമമുംഡകേ പ്രഥമഃ ഖംഡഃ ॥ ഓം ബ്രഹ്മാ ദേവാനാം പ്രഥമഃ സംബഭൂവ വിശ്വസ്യ കര്താ Lord Brahma, came first among Gods. He taught Atharvan, his son the knowledge of the ‘Brahman’ the (cosmic consciousness), the foundation of all knowledge. അഥർവണേ യാം പ്രവദേത ബ്രഹ്മാഽഥർവാ തം This knowledge passed on from Atharvan to Bhradwaja, from Bharadwaja to Satyavaha and from Satyavahah to Angiras (vedic rishis of the yore). ശൌനകോ ഹ വൈ മഹാശാലോഽംഗിരസം വിധിവദുപസന്നഃ പപ്രച്ഛ । Now, Shounaka, a householder (a man fulfilling his marital and societal duties) asks the Angiras (Vedic Rishis) which is that knowledge by knowing which every other knowledge becomes evident. This concept has been clarified with famous Vedantic similes. For example, the knowledge of a a clod of earth can give knowledge on all things made from it. Similarly, the knowledge of gold can give knowledge of all things made from it… Lower knowledge is based on actions both good and bad hence perpetrating the karmic cycle of birth and death for realizing the fruits of such actions. തസ്മൈ സ ഹോവാച । The Rishis replied that there are two kinds of knowledge the Higher and the Lower. തത്രാപരാ ഋഗ്വേദോ യജുർവേദഃ സാമവേദോഽഥർവവേദഃ Lower knowledge consists of the 4 vedas, the Rigveda, the Yajurveda, the Atharvaveda and the Samaveda and their code of rituals, also the phonetics (the six angas of Vedas- the Vedangas), the grammar, the medicine, the astronomy, the prosody, metre etc. Further, knowledge that can help reach Cosmic consciousness is called as the Higher Knowledge. യത്തദദ്രേശ്യമഗ്രാഹ്യമഗോത്രമവര്ണ- (Through the Higher knowledge) the wise see everywhere (the Brahman which is) invisible- beyond senses (Adrshyam) beyond grasp (Agrahyam), beyond gunas of Sattva, Rajas, Tamas (Agotram), beyond eyes, ears, hands and feet. This is the Eternal, Subtle, All -pervasive and the source of all Creation. യഥോര്ണനാഭിഃ സൃജതേ ഗൃഹ്ണതേ ച Just as the spider spins a web and then effortlessly recoils and absorbs it, just as the herbs grow spontaneously on earth and the humans grow hair on their head without any effort similarly the phenomenal world springs forth effortlessly from the Brahman. തപസാ ചീയതേ ബ്രഹ്മ തതോഽന്നമഭിജായതേ । By austerity (Tapas as in meditation here) the nature expands from the Brahman into creation. First comes Anna (meaning food, it being allegorical of Prakriti matter/Maya, things that humans enjoy). Next Prana (Hiranayagarba or Cosmic Energy) then Manah (Cosmic Mind) and from that evolved Mahabhutas (the 5 elements of Earth, water, fire, air and ether) and then the Lokah (as in the 7 worlds, earth etc) and then the immortality of karmic cycle (karmasu amrutam)(immortal as it takes ages for the results of karmas to fructify) യഃ സർവജ്ഞഃ സർവവിദ്യസ്യ ജ്ഞാനമയം തപഃ । This Brahmand (Hiranyagarb), name, form, matter all have come from the one who is Omniscient and whose only austerity (penance/tapas) is Pure knowledge (not self-mortification or rituals) ॥ ഇതി മുംഡകോപനിഷദി പ്രഥമമുംഡകേ പ്രഥമഃ ഖംഡഃ ॥
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