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சாணக்ய நீதி - ஷஷ்டோ²த்⁴யாய: ஶ்ருத்வா த⁴ர்மம் விஜானாதி ஶ்ருத்வா த்யஜதி து³ர்மதிம் । By means of hearing one understands dharma, malignity vanishes, knowledge is acquired, and liberation from material bondage is gained. பக்ஷிண: காகஶ்சண்டா³ல: பஶூனாம் சைவ குக்குர: । Among birds the crow is vile; among beasts the dog; the ascetic whose sins is abominable, but he who blasphemes others is the worst chandala. ப⁴ஸ்மனா ஶுத்³த்⁴யதே காஸ்யம் தாம்ரமம்லேன ஶுத்³த்⁴யதி । Brass is polished by ashes; copper is cleaned by tamarind; a woman, by her menses; and a river by its flow. ப்⁴ரமன்ஸம்பூஜ்யதே ராஜா ப்⁴ரமன்ஸம்பூஜ்யதே த்³விஜ: । The king, the ப்³ராஹ்மண, and the ascetic யோகீ³ who go abroad are respected; but the woman who wanders is utterly ruined. யஸ்யார்தா²ஸ்தஸ்ய மித்ராணி யஸ்யார்தா²ஸ்தஸ்ய பா³ந்த⁴வா: । He who has wealth has friends. He who is wealthy has relatives. The rich one alone is called a man, and the affluent alone are respected as pandits. தாத்³ருஶீ ஜாயதே பு³த்³தி⁴ர்வ்யவஸாயோபி தாத்³ருஶ: । As is the desire of Providence, so functions one's intellect; one's activities are also controlled by Providence; and by the will of Providence one is surrounded by helpers. கால: பசதி பூ⁴தானி கால: ஸம்ஹரதே ப்ரஜா: । Time perfects all living beings as well as kills them; it alone is awake when all others are asleep. Time is insurmountable. ந பஶ்யதி ச ஜன்மாந்த:⁴ காமாந்தோ⁴ நைவ பஶ்யதி । Those born blind cannot see; similarly blind are those in the grip of lust. Proud men have no perception of evil; and those bent on acquiring riches see no sin in their actions. ஸ்வயம் கர்ம கரோத்யாத்மா ஸ்வயம் தத்ப²லமஶ்னுதே । The spirit soul goes through his own course of karma and he himself suffers the good and bad results thereby accrued. By his own actions he entangles himself in samsara, and by his own efforts he extricates himself. ராஜா ராஷ்ட்ரக்ருதம் பாபம் ராஜ்ஞ: பாபம் புரோஹித: । The king is obliged to accept the sins of his subjects; the புரோஹித (priest) suffers for those of the king; a husband suffers for those of his wife; and the guru suffers for those of his pupils. ருணகர்தா பிதா ஶத்ருர்மாதா ச வ்யபி⁴சாரிணீ । A father who is a chronic debtor, an adulterous mother, a beautiful wife, and an unlearned son are enemies ( in one's own home). லுப்³த⁴மர்தே²ன க்³ருஹ்ணீயாத் ஸ்தப்³த⁴மஞ்ஜலிகர்மணா । Conciliate a covetous man by means of a gift, an obstinate man with folded hands in salutation, a fool by humouring him, and a learned man by truthful words. வரம் ந ராஜ்யம் ந குராஜராஜ்யம் It is better to be without a kingdom than to rule over a petty one; better to be without a friend than to befriend a rascal; better to be without a disciple than to have a stupid one; and better to be without a wife than to have a bad one. குராஜராஜ்யேன குத: ப்ரஜாஸுக²ம் How can people be made happy in a petty kingdom? What peace can we expect from a rascal friend? What happiness can we have at home in the company of a bad wife? How can renown be gained by instructing an unworthy disciple? ஸிம்ஹாதே³கம் ப³காதே³கம் ஶிக்ஷேச்சத்வாரி குக்குடாத் । Learn one thing from a lion; one from a crane; four from a cock; five from a crow; six from a dog; and three from a donkey. ப்ரபூ⁴தம் கார்யமல்பம் வா யன்னர: கர்துமிச்ச²தி । The one excellent thing that can be learned from a lion is that whatever a man intends doing should be done by him with a whole-hearted and strenuous effort. இந்த்³ரியாணி ச ஸம்யம்ய ராக³த்³வேஷவிவர்ஜித: । The wise man should restrain his senses like the crane and accomplish his purpose with due knowledge of his place, time and ability. ப்ரத்யுத்தா²னம் ச யுத்³த⁴ம் ச ஸம்விபா⁴க³ம் ச ப³ந்து⁴ஷு । To wake at the proper time; to take a bold stand and fight; to make a fair division (of property) among relations; and to earn one's own bread by personal exertion are the four excellent things to be learned from a cock. கூ³ட⁴மைது²னசாரித்வம் காலே காலே ச ஸங்க்³ரஹம் । Union in privacy (with one's wife); boldness; storing away useful items; watchfulness; and not easily trusting others; these five things are to be learned from a crow. ப³ஹ்வாஶீ ஸ்வல்பஸந்துஷ்ட: ஸனித்³ரோ லகு⁴சேதன: । Contentment with little or nothing to eat although one may have a great appetite; to awaken instantly although one may be in a deep slumber; unflinching devotion to the master; and bravery; these six qualities should be learned from the dog. ஸுஶ்ராந்தோபி வஹேத்³பா⁴ரம் ஶீதோஷ்ணம் ந ச பஶ்யதி । Although an ass is tired, he continues to carry his burden; he is unmindful of cold and heat; and he is always contented; these three things should be learned from the donkey. ய ஏதான்விம்ஶதிகு³ணானாசரிஷ்யதி மானவ: । He who shall practice these twenty virtues shall become invincible in all his undertakings.
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