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Chanakya Neethi - Chapter 1 praṇamya śirasā viṣṇuṃ trailōkyādhipatiṃ prabhum । Humbly bowing down before the almighty Lord Sri Vishnu, the Lord of the three worlds, I recite maxims of the science of political ethics (niti) selected from the various satras. adhītyēdaṃ yathāśāstraṃ narō jānāti sattamaḥ । That man who by the study of these maxims from the satras acquires a knowledge of the most celebrated principles of duty, and understands what ought and what ought not to be followed, and what is good and what is bad, is most excellent. tadahaṃ sampravakṣyāmi lōkānāṃ hitakāmyayā । Therefore with an eye to the public good, I shall speak that which, when understood, will lead to an understanding of things in their proper perspective. mūrkhaśiṣyōpadēśēna duṣṭastrībharaṇēna cha । Even a pandit or a learned person comes to grief by giving instruction to a foolish disciple, by maintaining a wicked wife, and by excessive familiarity with the miserable. duṣṭā bhāryā śaṭhaṃ mitraṃ bhṛtyaśchōttaradāyakaḥ । A wicked wife, a false friend, a saucy servant and living in a house with a serpent in it are nothing but death. āpadarthē dhanaṃ rakṣēddārān rakṣēddhanairapi । One should save his money against hard times, save his wife at the sacrifice of his riches, but invariably one should save his soul even at the sacrifice of his wife and riches. āpadarthē dhanaṃ rakṣēchChrīmatāṃ kuta āpadaḥ । Save your wealth against future calamity. Do not say, "What what fear has a rich man of calamity?" When riches begin to forsake one even the accumulated stock dwindles away. yasmindēśē na sammānō na vṛttirna cha bāndhavāḥ । Do not inhabit a country where you are not respected, cannot earn your livelihood, have no friends, or cannot acquire knowledge. dhanikaḥ śrōtriyō rājā nadī vaidyastu pañchamaḥ । Do not stay for a single day where there are not these five persons: a wealthy man, a brahmana well versed in Vedic lore, a king, a river and a physician. lōkayātrā bhayaṃ lajjā dākṣiṇyaṃ tyāgaśīlatā । Wise men should never go into a country where there are no means of earning one's livelihood, where the people have no dread of anybody, have no sense of shame, no intelligence, or a charitable disposition. jānīyātprēṣaṇē bhṛtyānbāndhavān vyasanāgamē । Test a servant while in the discharge of his duty, a relative in difficulty, a friend in adversity, and a wife in misfortune. āturē vyasanē prāptē durbhikṣē śatrusaṅkaṭē । He is a true friend who does not forsake us in time of need, misfortune, famine, or war, in a king's court, or at the crematorium (śmaśāna). yō dhruvāṇi parityajya adhruvaṃ pariṣēvatē । He who gives up what is imperishable for that which perishable, loses that which is imperishable; and doubtlessly loses that which is perishable also. varayētkulajāṃ prājñō virūpāmapi kanyakām । A wise man should marry a virgin of a respectable family even if she is deformed. He should not marry one of a low-class family, through beauty. Marriage in a family of equal status is preferable. nadīnāṃ śastrapāṇīnānnakhīnāṃ śaṛṅgiṇāṃ tathā । Do not put your trust in rivers, men who carry weapons, beasts with claws or horns, women, and members of a royal family. viṣādapyamṛtaṃ grāhyamamēdhyādapi kāñchanam । Even from poison extract nectar, wash and take back gold if it has fallen in filth, receive the highest knowledge (Krsna consciousness) from a low born person; so also a girl possessing virtuous qualities (stri-ratna) even if she be born in a disreputable family. strīṇāṃ dviguṇa āhārō lajjā chāpi chaturguṇā । Women have hunger two-fold, shyness four-fold, daring six-fold, and lust eight-fold as compared to men.
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