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Chanakya Neethi - Chapter 8 adhamā dhanamichChanti dhanamānau cha madhyamāḥ । Low class men desire wealth; middle class men both wealth and respect; but the noble, honour only; hence honour is the noble man's true wealth. ikṣurāpaḥ payō mūlaṃ tāmbūlaṃ phalamauṣadham । After consuming sugarcane juice, milk, roots, betel leaves, fruits & medicine, one should take bath, give charity & perform other acts. dīpō bhakṣayatē dhvāntaṃ kajjalaṃ cha prasūyatē । The lamp eats up the darkness and therefore it produces lamp black; in the same way according to the nature of our diet (sattva, rajas, or tamas) we produce offspring in similar quality. vittaṃ dēhi guṇānvitēṣu matimannānyatra dēhi kvachit O wise man! Give your wealth only to the worthy and never to others. The water of the sea received by the clouds is always sweet. The rain water enlivens all living beings of the earth both movable (insects, animals, humans, etc.) and immovable (plants, trees, etc.), and then returns to the ocean it value multiplied a million fold. chāṇḍālānāṃ sahasraiścha sūribhistattvadarśibhiḥ । The wise who discern the essence of things have declared that the yavana (meat eater) is equal in baseness to a thousand candalas the lowest class, and hence a yavana is the basest of men; indeed there is no one more base. tailābhyaṅgē chitādhūmē maithunē kṣaurakarmaṇi । After having rubbed oil on the body, after encountering the smoke from a funeral pyre, after sexual intercourse, and after being shaved, one remains a chandala until he bathes. ajīrṇē bhēṣajaṃ vāri jīrṇē vāri balapradam । Water is the medicine for indigestion; it is invigorating when the food that is eaten is well digested; it is like nectar when drunk in the middle of a dinner; and it is like poison when taken at the end of a meal, referring to over-consumption of water. hataṃ jñānaṃ kriyāhīnaṃ hataśchājñānatō naraḥ । Knowledge is lost without putting it into practice; a man is lost due to ignorance; an army is lost without a commander; and a woman is lost without a husband. vṛddhakālē mṛtā bhāryā bandhuhastagataṃ dhanam । A man who encounters the following three is unfortunate; the death of his wife in his old age, the entrusting of money into the hands of relatives, and depending upon others for food. nāgnihōtraṃ vinā vēdā na cha dānaṃ vinā kriyā । Chanting of the Vedas without making ritualistic sacrifices to the Supreme Lord through the medium of Agni, and sacrifices not followed by bountiful gifts are futile. Perfection can be achieved only through devotion (to the Supreme Lord) for devotion is the basis of all success. na dēvō vidyatē kāṣṭhē na pāṣāṇē na mṛṇmayē । God can not be found in a wood piece, stone or a mud idol. It is the belief that makes us feel the presence of God. Hence, only the feeling matters – not the material. kāṣṭhapāṣāṇadhātūnāṃ kṛtvā bhāvēna sēvanam । By crafting and carving the idol of the God with wood, stone and metal, and then worshipping it with devotion and utmost care, would lead to one attaining the abode of śrī viṣṇu. na dēvō vidyatē kāṣṭhē na pāṣāṇē na mṛnmayē । The Supreme Lord is not present in the wood, stone and metal. Instead, he is present in the thoughts. Only with the purity in the thoughts will one be able to attain the Supreme Lord. śāntitulyaṃ tapō nāsti na santōṣātparaṃ sukham । There is no austerity equal to a balanced mind, and there is no happiness equal to contentment; there is no disease like covetousness, and no virtue like mercy. guṇō bhūṣayatē rūpaṃ śīlaṃ bhūṣayatē kulam । Moral excellence is an ornament for personal beauty; righteous conduct, for high birth; success for learning; and proper spending for wealth. nirguṇasya hataṃ rūpaṃ duḥśīlasya hataṃ kulam । Beauty is spoiled by an immoral nature; noble birth by bad conduct; learning, without being perfected; and wealth by not being properly utilised. śuddhaṃ bhūmigataṃ tōyaṃ śuddhā nārī pativratā । Water seeping into the earth is pure; and a devoted wife is pure; the king who is the benefactor of his people is pure; and pure is the brahmana who is contented. asantuṣṭā dvijā naṣṭāḥ santuṣṭāścha mahībhṛtaḥ । Discontented brahmanas, contented kings, shy prostitutes, and immodest housewives are ruined. kiṃ kulēna viśālēna vidyāhīnēna dēhinām । Of what avail is a high birth if a person is destitute of scholarship? A man who is of low extraction is honoured even by the demigods if he is learned. vidvān praśasyatē lōkē vidvān sarvatra pūjyatē । A learned man is honoured by the people. A learned man commands respect everywhere for his learning. Indeed, learning is honoured everywhere. māṃsabhakṣyaiḥ surāpānairmukhaiśchākṣaravarjitaiḥ । The earth is encumbered with the weight of the flesh-eaters, wine- bibblers, dolts and blockheads, who are beasts in the form of men. annahīnō dahēdrāṣṭraṃ mantrahīnaścha ṛtvijaḥ । There is no enemy like a yajna (sacrifice) which consumes the kingdom when not attended by feeding on a large scale; consumes the priest when the chanting is not done properly; and consumes the yajaman (the responsible person) when the gifts are not made.
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